Surgery is the most common treatment for all stages of penile cancer. If the cancer is found when it is small and has not spread, the tumor can often be treated without having to remove part of the penis. If the cancer is found at a more advanced stage, it may be necessary to remove part or all of the penis with the tumor. Your cancer care team will talk to you about treatment options that give you the best chance of curing the cancer while saving as much of your penis as possible. Men with tumors that have grown deep in the penis (stage T2 or higher) usually need to have some nearby lymph nodes in the groin removed to check for the spread of the cancer. Instead of removing all inguinal lymph nodes to look for cancer, some doctors prefer to do a sentinel lymph node biopsy, which is described later in this section. Many different types of surgery are used to treat penile cancer. Penis-sparing techniques are used as often as possible. These include local treatment and limited surgery to save as much of the penis as possible to preserve sexual function, penile appearance and the ability to urinate while standing.
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